$ hg init repo

  $ cd repo

  $ touch foo

  $ hg add foo

  $ for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11; do

  >    echo "foo-$i" >> foo

  >    hg ci -m "foo-$i"

  > done

  $ for out in "%nof%N" "%%%H" "%b-%R" "%h" "%r" "%m"; do

  >    echo

  >    echo "# foo-$out.patch"

  >    hg export -v -o "foo-$out.patch" 2:tip

  > done

  # foo-%nof%N.patch

  exporting patches:

  foo-01of10.patch

  foo-02of10.patch

  foo-03of10.patch

  foo-04of10.patch

  foo-05of10.patch

  foo-06of10.patch

  foo-07of10.patch

  foo-08of10.patch

  foo-09of10.patch

  foo-10of10.patch

  # foo-%%%H.patch

  exporting patches:

  foo-%617188a1c80f869a7b66c85134da88a6fb145f67.patch

  foo-%dd41a5ff707a5225204105611ba49cc5c229d55f.patch

  foo-%f95a5410f8664b6e1490a4af654e4b7d41a7b321.patch

  foo-%4346bcfde53b4d9042489078bcfa9c3e28201db2.patch

  foo-%afda8c3a009cc99449a05ad8aa4655648c4ecd34.patch

  foo-%35284ce2b6b99c9d2ac66268fe99e68e1974e1aa.patch

  foo-%9688c41894e6931305fa7165a37f6568050b4e9b.patch

  foo-%747d3c68f8ec44bb35816bfcd59aeb50b9654c2f.patch

  foo-%5f17a83f5fbd9414006a5e563eab4c8a00729efd.patch

  foo-%f3acbafac161ec68f1598af38f794f28847ca5d3.patch

  # foo-%b-%R.patch

  exporting patches:

  foo-repo-2.patch

  foo-repo-3.patch

  foo-repo-4.patch

  foo-repo-5.patch

  foo-repo-6.patch

  foo-repo-7.patch

  foo-repo-8.patch

  foo-repo-9.patch

  foo-repo-10.patch

  foo-repo-11.patch

  # foo-%h.patch

  exporting patches:

  foo-617188a1c80f.patch

  foo-dd41a5ff707a.patch

  foo-f95a5410f866.patch

  foo-4346bcfde53b.patch

  foo-afda8c3a009c.patch

  foo-35284ce2b6b9.patch

  foo-9688c41894e6.patch

  foo-747d3c68f8ec.patch

  foo-5f17a83f5fbd.patch

  foo-f3acbafac161.patch

  # foo-%r.patch

  exporting patches:

  foo-02.patch

  foo-03.patch

  foo-04.patch

  foo-05.patch

  foo-06.patch

  foo-07.patch

  foo-08.patch

  foo-09.patch

  foo-10.patch

  foo-11.patch

  # foo-%m.patch

  exporting patches:

  foo-foo_2.patch

  foo-foo_3.patch

  foo-foo_4.patch

  foo-foo_5.patch

  foo-foo_6.patch

  foo-foo_7.patch

  foo-foo_8.patch

  foo-foo_9.patch

  foo-foo_10.patch

  foo-foo_11.patch

Doing it again clobbers the files rather than appending:

  $ hg export -v -o "foo-%m.patch" 2:3

  exporting patches:

  foo-foo_2.patch

  foo-foo_3.patch

  $ grep HG foo-foo_2.patch | wc -l

  \s*1 (re)

  $ grep HG foo-foo_3.patch | wc -l

  \s*1 (re)

Using bookmarks:

  $ hg book -f -r 9 @

  $ hg book -f -r 11 test

  $ hg export -B test

  # HG changeset patch

  # User test

  # Date 0 0

  #      Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  # Node ID 5f17a83f5fbd9414006a5e563eab4c8a00729efd

  # Parent  747d3c68f8ec44bb35816bfcd59aeb50b9654c2f

  foo-10

  diff -r 747d3c68f8ec -r 5f17a83f5fbd foo

  --- a/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  +++ b/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  @@ -8,3 +8,4 @@

   foo-7

   foo-8

   foo-9

  +foo-10

  # HG changeset patch

  # User test

  # Date 0 0

  #      Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  # Node ID f3acbafac161ec68f1598af38f794f28847ca5d3

  # Parent  5f17a83f5fbd9414006a5e563eab4c8a00729efd

  foo-11

  diff -r 5f17a83f5fbd -r f3acbafac161 foo

  --- a/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  +++ b/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  @@ -9,3 +9,4 @@

   foo-8

   foo-9

   foo-10

  +foo-11

Exporting 4 changesets to a file:

  $ hg export -o export_internal 1 2 3 4

  $ grep HG export_internal | wc -l

  \s*4 (re)

Doing it again clobbers the file rather than appending:

  $ hg export -o export_internal 1 2 3 4

  $ grep HG export_internal | wc -l

  \s*4 (re)

Exporting 4 changesets to stdout:

  $ hg export 1 2 3 4 | grep HG | wc -l

  \s*4 (re)

Exporting revision -2 to a file:

  $ hg export -- -2

  # HG changeset patch

  # User test

  # Date 0 0

  #      Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  # Node ID 5f17a83f5fbd9414006a5e563eab4c8a00729efd

  # Parent  747d3c68f8ec44bb35816bfcd59aeb50b9654c2f

  foo-10

  diff -r 747d3c68f8ec -r 5f17a83f5fbd foo

  --- a/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  +++ b/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  @@ -8,3 +8,4 @@

   foo-7

   foo-8

   foo-9

  +foo-10

Exporting wdir revision:

  $ echo "foo-wdir" >> foo

  $ hg export 'wdir()'

  # HG changeset patch

  # User test

  # Date 0 0

  #      Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  # Node ID ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff

  # Parent  f3acbafac161ec68f1598af38f794f28847ca5d3

  diff -r f3acbafac161 foo

  --- a/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  +++ b/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  @@ -10,3 +10,4 @@

   foo-9

   foo-10

   foo-11

  +foo-wdir

  $ hg revert -q foo

Templated output to stdout:

  $ hg export -Tjson 0

  [

   {

    "branch": "default",

    "date": [0, 0],

    "desc": "foo-0",

    "diff": "diff -r 000000000000 -r 871558de6af2 foo\n--- /dev/null\tThu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000\n+++ b/foo\tThu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000\n@@ -0,0 +1,1 @@\n+foo-0\n",

    "node": "871558de6af2e8c244222f8eea69b782c94ce3df",

    "parents": [],

    "user": "test"

   }

  ]

Templated output to single file:

  $ hg export -Tjson 0:1 -o out.json

  $ cat out.json

  [

   {

    "branch": "default",

    "date": [0, 0],

    "desc": "foo-0",

    "diff": "diff -r 000000000000 -r 871558de6af2 foo\n--- /dev/null\tThu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000\n+++ b/foo\tThu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000\n@@ -0,0 +1,1 @@\n+foo-0\n",

    "node": "871558de6af2e8c244222f8eea69b782c94ce3df",

    "parents": [],

    "user": "test"

   },

   {

    "branch": "default",

    "date": [0, 0],

    "desc": "foo-1",

    "diff": "diff -r 871558de6af2 -r d1c9656e973c foo\n--- a/foo\tThu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000\n+++ b/foo\tThu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000\n@@ -1,1 +1,2 @@\n foo-0\n+foo-1\n",

    "node": "d1c9656e973cfb5aebd5499bbd2cb350e3b12266",

    "parents": ["871558de6af2e8c244222f8eea69b782c94ce3df"],

    "user": "test"

   }

  ]

Templated output to multiple files:

  $ hg export -Tjson 0:1 -o 'out-{rev}.json'

  $ cat out-0.json

  [

   {

    "branch": "default",

    "date": [0, 0],

    "desc": "foo-0",

    "diff": "diff -r 000000000000 -r 871558de6af2 foo\n--- /dev/null\tThu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000\n+++ b/foo\tThu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000\n@@ -0,0 +1,1 @@\n+foo-0\n",

    "node": "871558de6af2e8c244222f8eea69b782c94ce3df",

    "parents": [],

    "user": "test"

   }

  ]

  $ cat out-1.json

  [

   {

    "branch": "default",

    "date": [0, 0],

    "desc": "foo-1",

    "diff": "diff -r 871558de6af2 -r d1c9656e973c foo\n--- a/foo\tThu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000\n+++ b/foo\tThu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000\n@@ -1,1 +1,2 @@\n foo-0\n+foo-1\n",

    "node": "d1c9656e973cfb5aebd5499bbd2cb350e3b12266",

    "parents": ["871558de6af2e8c244222f8eea69b782c94ce3df"],

    "user": "test"

   }

  ]

Template keywrods:

  $ hg export 0 -T '# {node|shortest}\n\n{diff}'

  # 8715

  diff -r 000000000000 -r 871558de6af2 foo

  --- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  +++ b/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  @@ -0,0 +1,1 @@

  +foo-0

No filename should be printed if stdout is specified explicitly:

  $ hg export -v 1 -o -

  exporting patch:

  # HG changeset patch

  # User test

  # Date 0 0

  #      Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  # Node ID d1c9656e973cfb5aebd5499bbd2cb350e3b12266

  # Parent  871558de6af2e8c244222f8eea69b782c94ce3df

  foo-1

  diff -r 871558de6af2 -r d1c9656e973c foo

  --- a/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  +++ b/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  @@ -1,1 +1,2 @@

   foo-0

  +foo-1

Checking if only alphanumeric characters are used in the file name (%m option):

  $ echo "line" >> foo

  $ hg commit -m " !\"#$%&(,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]"'^'"_\`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~"

  $ hg export -v -o %m.patch tip

  exporting patch:

  ___________0123456789_______ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ______abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz____.patch

Template fragments in file name:

  $ hg export -v -o '{node|shortest}.patch' tip

  exporting patch:

  197e.patch

Backslash should be preserved because it is a directory separator on Windows:

  $ mkdir out

  $ hg export -v -o 'out\{node|shortest}.patch' tip

  exporting patch:

  out\197e.patch

Still backslash is taken as an escape character in inner template strings:

  $ hg export -v -o '{"out\{foo}.patch"}' tip

  exporting patch:

  out{foo}.patch

Invalid pattern in file name:

  $ hg export -o '%x.patch' tip

  abort: invalid format spec '%x' in output filename

  [255]

  $ hg export -o '%' tip

  abort: incomplete format spec in output filename

  [255]

  $ hg export -o '%{"foo"}' tip

  abort: incomplete format spec in output filename

  [255]

  $ hg export -o '%m{' tip

  hg: parse error at 3: unterminated template expansion

  (%m{

      ^ here)

  [10]

  $ hg export -o '%\' tip

  abort: invalid format spec '%\' in output filename

  [255]

  $ hg export -o '\%' tip

  abort: incomplete format spec in output filename

  [255]

Catch exporting unknown revisions (especially empty revsets, see issue3353)

  $ hg export

  # HG changeset patch

  # User test

  # Date 0 0

  #      Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  # Node ID 197ecd81a57f760b54f34a58817ad5b04991fa47

  # Parent  f3acbafac161ec68f1598af38f794f28847ca5d3

   !"#$%&(,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~

  diff -r f3acbafac161 -r 197ecd81a57f foo

  --- a/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  +++ b/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  @@ -10,3 +10,4 @@

   foo-9

   foo-10

   foo-11

  +line

  $ hg export ""

  hg: parse error: empty query

  [10]

  $ hg export 999

  abort: unknown revision '999'

  [10]

  $ hg export "not all()"

  abort: export requires at least one changeset

  [10]

Check for color output

  $ cat <<EOF >> $HGRCPATH

  > [color]

  > mode = ansi

  > [extensions]

  > color =

  > EOF

  $ hg export --color always --nodates tip