$ cat >> $HGRCPATH <<EOF

  > [extensions]

  > graphlog=

  > 

  > [alias]

  > myinit = init

  > cleanstatus = status -c

  > unknown = bargle

  > ambiguous = s

  > recursive = recursive

  > nodefinition =

  > no--cwd = status --cwd elsewhere

  > no-R = status -R elsewhere

  > no--repo = status --repo elsewhere

  > no--repository = status --repository elsewhere

  > mylog = log

  > lognull = log -r null

  > shortlog = log --template '{rev} {node|short} | {date|isodate}\n'

  > dln = lognull --debug

  > nousage = rollback

  > put = export -r 0 -o "\$FOO/%R.diff"

  > blank = !echo

  > self = !echo '\$0'

  > echo = !echo '\$@'

  > echo1 = !echo '\$1'

  > echo2 = !echo '\$2'

  > echo13 = !echo '\$1' '\$3'

  > count = !hg log -r '\$@' --template='.' | wc -c | sed -e 's/ //g'

  > mcount = !hg log \$@ --template='.' | wc -c | sed -e 's/ //g'

  > rt = root

  > tglog = glog --template "{rev}:{node|short}: '{desc}' {branches}\n"

  > 

  > [defaults]

  > mylog = -q

  > lognull = -q

  > log = -v

  > EOF

basic

  $ hg myinit alias

unknown

  $ hg unknown

  alias 'unknown' resolves to unknown command 'bargle'

  $ hg help unknown

  alias 'unknown' resolves to unknown command 'bargle'

ambiguous

  $ hg ambiguous

  alias 'ambiguous' resolves to ambiguous command 's'

  $ hg help ambiguous

  alias 'ambiguous' resolves to ambiguous command 's'

recursive

  $ hg recursive

  alias 'recursive' resolves to unknown command 'recursive'

  $ hg help recursive

  alias 'recursive' resolves to unknown command 'recursive'

no definition

  $ hg nodef

  no definition for alias 'nodefinition'

  $ hg help nodef

  no definition for alias 'nodefinition'

invalid options

  $ hg no--cwd

  error in definition for alias 'no--cwd': --cwd may only be given on the command line

  $ hg help no--cwd

  error in definition for alias 'no--cwd': --cwd may only be given on the command line

  $ hg no-R

  error in definition for alias 'no-R': -R may only be given on the command line

  $ hg help no-R

  error in definition for alias 'no-R': -R may only be given on the command line

  $ hg no--repo

  error in definition for alias 'no--repo': --repo may only be given on the command line

  $ hg help no--repo

  error in definition for alias 'no--repo': --repo may only be given on the command line

  $ hg no--repository

  error in definition for alias 'no--repository': --repository may only be given on the command line

  $ hg help no--repository

  error in definition for alias 'no--repository': --repository may only be given on the command line

  $ cd alias

no usage

  $ hg nousage

  no rollback information available

  $ echo foo > foo

  $ hg ci -Amfoo

  adding foo

with opts

  $ hg cleanst

  C foo

with opts and whitespace

  $ hg shortlog

  0 e63c23eaa88a | 1970-01-01 00:00 +0000

interaction with defaults

  $ hg mylog

  0:e63c23eaa88a

  $ hg lognull

  -1:000000000000

properly recursive

  $ hg dln

  changeset:   -1:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

  parent:      -1:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

  parent:      -1:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

  manifest:    -1:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

  user:        

  date:        Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  extra:       branch=default

path expanding

  $ FOO=`pwd` hg put

  $ cat 0.diff

  # HG changeset patch

  # User test

  # Date 0 0

  # Node ID e63c23eaa88ae77967edcf4ea194d31167c478b0

  # Parent  0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

  foo

  diff -r 000000000000 -r e63c23eaa88a foo

  --- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  +++ b/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000

  @@ -0,0 +1,1 @@

  +foo

simple shell aliases

  $ hg blank

  $ hg blank foo

  $ hg self

  self

  $ hg echo

  $ hg echo foo

  foo

  $ hg echo 'test $2' foo

  test $2 foo

  $ hg echo1 foo bar baz

  foo

  $ hg echo2 foo bar baz

  bar

  $ hg echo13 foo bar baz test

  foo baz

  $ hg echo2 foo

  $ echo bar > bar

  $ hg ci -qA -m bar

  $ hg count .

  1

  $ hg count 'branch(default)'

  2

  $ hg mcount -r '"branch(default)"'

  2

  $ hg tglog

  @  1:7e7f92de180e: 'bar'

  |

  o  0:e63c23eaa88a: 'foo'

shell aliases with global options

  $ hg init sub

  $ cd sub

  $ hg count 'branch(default)'

  0

  $ hg -v count 'branch(default)'

  0

  $ hg -R .. count 'branch(default)'

  0

  $ hg --cwd .. count 'branch(default)'

  2

  $ hg echo --cwd ..

  --cwd ..

repo specific shell aliases

  $ cat >> .hg/hgrc <<EOF

  > [alias]

  > subalias = !echo sub \$@

  > EOF

  $ cat >> ../.hg/hgrc <<EOF

  > [alias]

  > mainalias = !echo main \$@

  > EOF

shell alias defined in current repo

  $ hg subalias

  sub

  $ hg --cwd .. subalias > /dev/null

  hg: unknown command 'subalias'

  [255]

  $ hg -R .. subalias > /dev/null

  hg: unknown command 'subalias'

  [255]

shell alias defined in other repo

  $ hg mainalias > /dev/null

  hg: unknown command 'mainalias'

  [255]

  $ hg -R .. mainalias

  main

  $ hg --cwd .. mainalias

  main

invalid arguments

  $ hg rt foo

  hg rt: invalid arguments

  hg rt 

  alias for: hg root

  print the root (top) of the current working directory

      Print the root directory of the current repository.

      Returns 0 on success.

  use "hg -v help rt" to show global options

  [255]

invalid global arguments for normal commands, aliases, and shell aliases

  $ hg --invalid root

  hg: option --invalid not recognized

  Mercurial Distributed SCM

  basic commands:

   add        add the specified files on the next commit

   annotate   show changeset information by line for each file

   clone      make a copy of an existing repository

   commit     commit the specified files or all outstanding changes

   diff       diff repository (or selected files)

   export     dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets

   forget     forget the specified files on the next commit

   init       create a new repository in the given directory

   log        show revision history of entire repository or files

   merge      merge working directory with another revision

   pull       pull changes from the specified source

   push       push changes to the specified destination

   remove     remove the specified files on the next commit

   serve      start stand-alone webserver

   status     show changed files in the working directory

   summary    summarize working directory state

   update     update working directory (or switch revisions)

  use "hg help" for the full list of commands or "hg -v" for details

  [255]

  $ hg --invalid mylog

  hg: option --invalid not recognized

  Mercurial Distributed SCM

  basic commands:

   add        add the specified files on the next commit

   annotate   show changeset information by line for each file

   clone      make a copy of an existing repository

   commit     commit the specified files or all outstanding changes

   diff       diff repository (or selected files)

   export     dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets

   forget     forget the specified files on the next commit

   init       create a new repository in the given directory

   log        show revision history of entire repository or files

   merge      merge working directory with another revision

   pull       pull changes from the specified source

   push       push changes to the specified destination

   remove     remove the specified files on the next commit

   serve      start stand-alone webserver

   status     show changed files in the working directory

   summary    summarize working directory state

   update     update working directory (or switch revisions)

  use "hg help" for the full list of commands or "hg -v" for details

  [255]

  $ hg --invalid blank

  hg: option --invalid not recognized

  Mercurial Distributed SCM

  basic commands:

   add        add the specified files on the next commit

   annotate   show changeset information by line for each file

   clone      make a copy of an existing repository

   commit     commit the specified files or all outstanding changes

   diff       diff repository (or selected files)

   export     dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets

   forget     forget the specified files on the next commit

   init       create a new repository in the given directory

   log        show revision history of entire repository or files

   merge      merge working directory with another revision

   pull       pull changes from the specified source

   push       push changes to the specified destination

   remove     remove the specified files on the next commit

   serve      start stand-alone webserver

   status     show changed files in the working directory

   summary    summarize working directory state

   update     update working directory (or switch revisions)

  use "hg help" for the full list of commands or "hg -v" for details

  [255]