author | Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net> |
Tue, 23 Aug 2022 22:39:43 +0200 | |
changeset 260 | 445e01aede7e |
parent 256 | 6d9efbef00a9 |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
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# Building `sys/unix` |
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The sys/unix package provides access to the raw system call interface of the |
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underlying operating system. See: https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/sys/unix |
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Porting Go to a new architecture/OS combination or adding syscalls, types, or |
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constants to an existing architecture/OS pair requires some manual effort; |
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however, there are tools that automate much of the process. |
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## Build Systems |
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|
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There are currently two ways we generate the necessary files. We are currently |
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migrating the build system to use containers so the builds are reproducible. |
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This is being done on an OS-by-OS basis. Please update this documentation as |
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components of the build system change. |
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### Old Build System (currently for `GOOS != "linux"`) |
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The old build system generates the Go files based on the C header files |
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present on your system. This means that files |
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for a given GOOS/GOARCH pair must be generated on a system with that OS and |
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architecture. This also means that the generated code can differ from system |
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to system, based on differences in the header files. |
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To avoid this, if you are using the old build system, only generate the Go |
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files on an installation with unmodified header files. It is also important to |
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keep track of which version of the OS the files were generated from (ex. |
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Darwin 14 vs Darwin 15). This makes it easier to track the progress of changes |
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and have each OS upgrade correspond to a single change. |
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To build the files for your current OS and architecture, make sure GOOS and |
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GOARCH are set correctly and run `mkall.sh`. This will generate the files for |
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your specific system. Running `mkall.sh -n` shows the commands that will be run. |
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Requirements: bash, go |
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### New Build System (currently for `GOOS == "linux"`) |
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The new build system uses a Docker container to generate the go files directly |
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from source checkouts of the kernel and various system libraries. This means |
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that on any platform that supports Docker, all the files using the new build |
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system can be generated at once, and generated files will not change based on |
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what the person running the scripts has installed on their computer. |
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The OS specific files for the new build system are located in the `${GOOS}` |
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directory, and the build is coordinated by the `${GOOS}/mkall.go` program. When |
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the kernel or system library updates, modify the Dockerfile at |
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`${GOOS}/Dockerfile` to checkout the new release of the source. |
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To build all the files under the new build system, you must be on an amd64/Linux |
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system and have your GOOS and GOARCH set accordingly. Running `mkall.sh` will |
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then generate all of the files for all of the GOOS/GOARCH pairs in the new build |
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system. Running `mkall.sh -n` shows the commands that will be run. |
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Requirements: bash, go, docker |
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## Component files |
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This section describes the various files used in the code generation process. |
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It also contains instructions on how to modify these files to add a new |
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architecture/OS or to add additional syscalls, types, or constants. Note that |
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if you are using the new build system, the scripts/programs cannot be called normally. |
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They must be called from within the docker container. |
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### asm files |
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The hand-written assembly file at `asm_${GOOS}_${GOARCH}.s` implements system |
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call dispatch. There are three entry points: |
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``` |
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func Syscall(trap, a1, a2, a3 uintptr) (r1, r2, err uintptr) |
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func Syscall6(trap, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 uintptr) (r1, r2, err uintptr) |
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func RawSyscall(trap, a1, a2, a3 uintptr) (r1, r2, err uintptr) |
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``` |
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The first and second are the standard ones; they differ only in how many |
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arguments can be passed to the kernel. The third is for low-level use by the |
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ForkExec wrapper. Unlike the first two, it does not call into the scheduler to |
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let it know that a system call is running. |
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When porting Go to a new architecture/OS, this file must be implemented for |
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each GOOS/GOARCH pair. |
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### mksysnum |
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Mksysnum is a Go program located at `${GOOS}/mksysnum.go` (or `mksysnum_${GOOS}.go` |
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for the old system). This program takes in a list of header files containing the |
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syscall number declarations and parses them to produce the corresponding list of |
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Go numeric constants. See `zsysnum_${GOOS}_${GOARCH}.go` for the generated |
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constants. |
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Adding new syscall numbers is mostly done by running the build on a sufficiently |
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new installation of the target OS (or updating the source checkouts for the |
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new build system). However, depending on the OS, you may need to update the |
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parsing in mksysnum. |
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### mksyscall.go |
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The `syscall.go`, `syscall_${GOOS}.go`, `syscall_${GOOS}_${GOARCH}.go` are |
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hand-written Go files which implement system calls (for unix, the specific OS, |
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or the specific OS/Architecture pair respectively) that need special handling |
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and list `//sys` comments giving prototypes for ones that can be generated. |
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The mksyscall.go program takes the `//sys` and `//sysnb` comments and converts |
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them into syscalls. This requires the name of the prototype in the comment to |
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match a syscall number in the `zsysnum_${GOOS}_${GOARCH}.go` file. The function |
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prototype can be exported (capitalized) or not. |
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Adding a new syscall often just requires adding a new `//sys` function prototype |
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with the desired arguments and a capitalized name so it is exported. However, if |
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you want the interface to the syscall to be different, often one will make an |
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unexported `//sys` prototype, and then write a custom wrapper in |
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`syscall_${GOOS}.go`. |
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### types files |
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For each OS, there is a hand-written Go file at `${GOOS}/types.go` (or |
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`types_${GOOS}.go` on the old system). This file includes standard C headers and |
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creates Go type aliases to the corresponding C types. The file is then fed |
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through godef to get the Go compatible definitions. Finally, the generated code |
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is fed though mkpost.go to format the code correctly and remove any hidden or |
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private identifiers. This cleaned-up code is written to |
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`ztypes_${GOOS}_${GOARCH}.go`. |
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The hardest part about preparing this file is figuring out which headers to |
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include and which symbols need to be `#define`d to get the actual data |
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125 |
structures that pass through to the kernel system calls. Some C libraries |
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126 |
preset alternate versions for binary compatibility and translate them on the |
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127 |
way in and out of system calls, but there is almost always a `#define` that can |
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128 |
get the real ones. |
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129 |
See `types_darwin.go` and `linux/types.go` for examples. |
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130 |
|
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131 |
To add a new type, add in the necessary include statement at the top of the |
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132 |
file (if it is not already there) and add in a type alias line. Note that if |
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133 |
your type is significantly different on different architectures, you may need |
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134 |
some `#if/#elif` macros in your include statements. |
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135 |
|
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136 |
### mkerrors.sh |
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137 |
|
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138 |
This script is used to generate the system's various constants. This doesn't |
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139 |
just include the error numbers and error strings, but also the signal numbers |
256 | 140 |
and a wide variety of miscellaneous constants. The constants come from the list |
242
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141 |
of include files in the `includes_${uname}` variable. A regex then picks out |
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142 |
the desired `#define` statements, and generates the corresponding Go constants. |
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143 |
The error numbers and strings are generated from `#include <errno.h>`, and the |
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144 |
signal numbers and strings are generated from `#include <signal.h>`. All of |
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145 |
these constants are written to `zerrors_${GOOS}_${GOARCH}.go` via a C program, |
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146 |
`_errors.c`, which prints out all the constants. |
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147 |
|
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148 |
To add a constant, add the header that includes it to the appropriate variable. |
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149 |
Then, edit the regex (if necessary) to match the desired constant. Avoid making |
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150 |
the regex too broad to avoid matching unintended constants. |
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151 |
|
260 | 152 |
### internal/mkmerge |
256 | 153 |
|
154 |
This program is used to extract duplicate const, func, and type declarations |
|
155 |
from the generated architecture-specific files listed below, and merge these |
|
156 |
into a common file for each OS. |
|
157 |
||
158 |
The merge is performed in the following steps: |
|
159 |
1. Construct the set of common code that is idential in all architecture-specific files. |
|
160 |
2. Write this common code to the merged file. |
|
161 |
3. Remove the common code from all architecture-specific files. |
|
162 |
||
242
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163 |
|
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164 |
## Generated files |
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165 |
|
256 | 166 |
### `zerrors_${GOOS}_${GOARCH}.go` |
242
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167 |
|
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168 |
A file containing all of the system's generated error numbers, error strings, |
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169 |
signal numbers, and constants. Generated by `mkerrors.sh` (see above). |
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170 |
|
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171 |
### `zsyscall_${GOOS}_${GOARCH}.go` |
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172 |
|
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173 |
A file containing all the generated syscalls for a specific GOOS and GOARCH. |
251 | 174 |
Generated by `mksyscall.go` (see above). |
242
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175 |
|
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176 |
### `zsysnum_${GOOS}_${GOARCH}.go` |
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177 |
|
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178 |
A list of numeric constants for all the syscall number of the specific GOOS |
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179 |
and GOARCH. Generated by mksysnum (see above). |
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180 |
|
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181 |
### `ztypes_${GOOS}_${GOARCH}.go` |
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182 |
|
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183 |
A file containing Go types for passing into (or returning from) syscalls. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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184 |
Generated by godefs and the types file (see above). |