author | Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net> |
Sat, 29 Sep 2018 18:09:54 +0200 | |
changeset 242 | 2a9ec03fe5a1 |
child 251 | 1c52a0eeb952 |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
242
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![viper logo](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/173412/10886745/998df88a-8151-11e5-9448-4736db51020d.png) |
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Go configuration with fangs! |
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5 |
Many Go projects are built using Viper including: |
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* [Hugo](http://gohugo.io) |
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* [EMC RexRay](http://rexray.readthedocs.org/en/stable/) |
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* [Imgur’s Incus](https://github.com/Imgur/incus) |
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* [Nanobox](https://github.com/nanobox-io/nanobox)/[Nanopack](https://github.com/nanopack) |
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* [Docker Notary](https://github.com/docker/Notary) |
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* [BloomApi](https://www.bloomapi.com/) |
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* [doctl](https://github.com/digitalocean/doctl) |
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* [Clairctl](https://github.com/jgsqware/clairctl) |
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[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/spf13/viper.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/spf13/viper) [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/spf13/viper](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/spf13/viper?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge) [![GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/spf13/viper?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/spf13/viper) |
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## What is Viper? |
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Viper is a complete configuration solution for Go applications including 12-Factor apps. It is designed |
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to work within an application, and can handle all types of configuration needs |
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and formats. It supports: |
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* setting defaults |
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* reading from JSON, TOML, YAML, HCL, and Java properties config files |
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* live watching and re-reading of config files (optional) |
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* reading from environment variables |
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* reading from remote config systems (etcd or Consul), and watching changes |
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* reading from command line flags |
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* reading from buffer |
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* setting explicit values |
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Viper can be thought of as a registry for all of your applications |
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configuration needs. |
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## Why Viper? |
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When building a modern application, you don’t want to worry about |
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configuration file formats; you want to focus on building awesome software. |
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Viper is here to help with that. |
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Viper does the following for you: |
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1. Find, load, and unmarshal a configuration file in JSON, TOML, YAML, HCL, or Java properties formats. |
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2. Provide a mechanism to set default values for your different |
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configuration options. |
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3. Provide a mechanism to set override values for options specified through |
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command line flags. |
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4. Provide an alias system to easily rename parameters without breaking existing |
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code. |
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5. Make it easy to tell the difference between when a user has provided a |
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command line or config file which is the same as the default. |
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Viper uses the following precedence order. Each item takes precedence over the |
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item below it: |
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* explicit call to Set |
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* flag |
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* env |
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* config |
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* key/value store |
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* default |
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Viper configuration keys are case insensitive. |
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## Putting Values into Viper |
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### Establishing Defaults |
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A good configuration system will support default values. A default value is not |
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required for a key, but it’s useful in the event that a key hasn’t been set via |
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config file, environment variable, remote configuration or flag. |
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Examples: |
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```go |
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viper.SetDefault("ContentDir", "content") |
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viper.SetDefault("LayoutDir", "layouts") |
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viper.SetDefault("Taxonomies", map[string]string{"tag": "tags", "category": "categories"}) |
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``` |
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### Reading Config Files |
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Viper requires minimal configuration so it knows where to look for config files. |
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Viper supports JSON, TOML, YAML, HCL, and Java Properties files. Viper can search multiple paths, but |
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currently a single Viper instance only supports a single configuration file. |
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Viper does not default to any configuration search paths leaving defaults decision |
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to an application. |
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Here is an example of how to use Viper to search for and read a configuration file. |
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None of the specific paths are required, but at least one path should be provided |
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where a configuration file is expected. |
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```go |
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viper.SetConfigName("config") // name of config file (without extension) |
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viper.AddConfigPath("/etc/appname/") // path to look for the config file in |
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viper.AddConfigPath("$HOME/.appname") // call multiple times to add many search paths |
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viper.AddConfigPath(".") // optionally look for config in the working directory |
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err := viper.ReadInConfig() // Find and read the config file |
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if err != nil { // Handle errors reading the config file |
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panic(fmt.Errorf("Fatal error config file: %s \n", err)) |
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} |
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``` |
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### Watching and re-reading config files |
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Viper supports the ability to have your application live read a config file while running. |
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Gone are the days of needing to restart a server to have a config take effect, |
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viper powered applications can read an update to a config file while running and |
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not miss a beat. |
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Simply tell the viper instance to watchConfig. |
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Optionally you can provide a function for Viper to run each time a change occurs. |
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**Make sure you add all of the configPaths prior to calling `WatchConfig()`** |
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119 |
```go |
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120 |
viper.WatchConfig() |
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121 |
viper.OnConfigChange(func(e fsnotify.Event) { |
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122 |
fmt.Println("Config file changed:", e.Name) |
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123 |
}) |
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124 |
``` |
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125 |
|
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126 |
### Reading Config from io.Reader |
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127 |
|
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128 |
Viper predefines many configuration sources such as files, environment |
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129 |
variables, flags, and remote K/V store, but you are not bound to them. You can |
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130 |
also implement your own required configuration source and feed it to viper. |
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131 |
|
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132 |
```go |
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133 |
viper.SetConfigType("yaml") // or viper.SetConfigType("YAML") |
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134 |
|
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135 |
// any approach to require this configuration into your program. |
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136 |
var yamlExample = []byte(` |
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137 |
Hacker: true |
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138 |
name: steve |
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139 |
hobbies: |
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140 |
- skateboarding |
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141 |
- snowboarding |
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142 |
- go |
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143 |
clothing: |
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144 |
jacket: leather |
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145 |
trousers: denim |
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146 |
age: 35 |
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147 |
eyes : brown |
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148 |
beard: true |
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149 |
`) |
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150 |
|
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151 |
viper.ReadConfig(bytes.NewBuffer(yamlExample)) |
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152 |
|
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153 |
viper.Get("name") // this would be "steve" |
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154 |
``` |
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155 |
|
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156 |
### Setting Overrides |
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157 |
|
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158 |
These could be from a command line flag, or from your own application logic. |
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159 |
|
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|
160 |
```go |
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161 |
viper.Set("Verbose", true) |
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162 |
viper.Set("LogFile", LogFile) |
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163 |
``` |
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|
164 |
|
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165 |
### Registering and Using Aliases |
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166 |
|
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167 |
Aliases permit a single value to be referenced by multiple keys |
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168 |
|
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|
169 |
```go |
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170 |
viper.RegisterAlias("loud", "Verbose") |
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|
171 |
|
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172 |
viper.Set("verbose", true) // same result as next line |
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173 |
viper.Set("loud", true) // same result as prior line |
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|
174 |
|
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175 |
viper.GetBool("loud") // true |
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176 |
viper.GetBool("verbose") // true |
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|
177 |
``` |
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|
178 |
|
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|
179 |
### Working with Environment Variables |
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|
180 |
|
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181 |
Viper has full support for environment variables. This enables 12 factor |
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182 |
applications out of the box. There are four methods that exist to aid working |
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|
183 |
with ENV: |
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|
184 |
|
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|
185 |
* `AutomaticEnv()` |
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186 |
* `BindEnv(string...) : error` |
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187 |
* `SetEnvPrefix(string)` |
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188 |
* `SetEnvKeyReplacer(string...) *strings.Replacer` |
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|
189 |
|
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190 |
_When working with ENV variables, it’s important to recognize that Viper |
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191 |
treats ENV variables as case sensitive._ |
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|
192 |
|
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193 |
Viper provides a mechanism to try to ensure that ENV variables are unique. By |
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194 |
using `SetEnvPrefix`, you can tell Viper to use a prefix while reading from |
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195 |
the environment variables. Both `BindEnv` and `AutomaticEnv` will use this |
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|
196 |
prefix. |
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|
197 |
|
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198 |
`BindEnv` takes one or two parameters. The first parameter is the key name, the |
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|
199 |
second is the name of the environment variable. The name of the environment |
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|
200 |
variable is case sensitive. If the ENV variable name is not provided, then |
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|
201 |
Viper will automatically assume that the key name matches the ENV variable name, |
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|
202 |
but the ENV variable is IN ALL CAPS. When you explicitly provide the ENV |
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|
203 |
variable name, it **does not** automatically add the prefix. |
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|
204 |
|
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|
205 |
One important thing to recognize when working with ENV variables is that the |
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|
206 |
value will be read each time it is accessed. Viper does not fix the value when |
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|
207 |
the `BindEnv` is called. |
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|
208 |
|
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|
209 |
`AutomaticEnv` is a powerful helper especially when combined with |
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|
210 |
`SetEnvPrefix`. When called, Viper will check for an environment variable any |
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|
211 |
time a `viper.Get` request is made. It will apply the following rules. It will |
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|
212 |
check for a environment variable with a name matching the key uppercased and |
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|
213 |
prefixed with the `EnvPrefix` if set. |
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|
214 |
|
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215 |
`SetEnvKeyReplacer` allows you to use a `strings.Replacer` object to rewrite Env |
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|
216 |
keys to an extent. This is useful if you want to use `-` or something in your |
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|
217 |
`Get()` calls, but want your environmental variables to use `_` delimiters. An |
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|
218 |
example of using it can be found in `viper_test.go`. |
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|
219 |
|
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|
220 |
#### Env example |
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|
221 |
|
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|
222 |
```go |
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223 |
SetEnvPrefix("spf") // will be uppercased automatically |
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|
224 |
BindEnv("id") |
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|
225 |
|
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226 |
os.Setenv("SPF_ID", "13") // typically done outside of the app |
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|
227 |
|
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228 |
id := Get("id") // 13 |
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|
229 |
``` |
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|
230 |
|
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|
231 |
### Working with Flags |
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|
232 |
|
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233 |
Viper has the ability to bind to flags. Specifically, Viper supports `Pflags` |
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|
234 |
as used in the [Cobra](https://github.com/spf13/cobra) library. |
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|
235 |
|
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|
236 |
Like `BindEnv`, the value is not set when the binding method is called, but when |
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237 |
it is accessed. This means you can bind as early as you want, even in an |
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|
238 |
`init()` function. |
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|
239 |
|
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240 |
For individual flags, the `BindPFlag()` method provides this functionality. |
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241 |
|
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|
242 |
Example: |
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|
243 |
|
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244 |
```go |
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245 |
serverCmd.Flags().Int("port", 1138, "Port to run Application server on") |
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246 |
viper.BindPFlag("port", serverCmd.Flags().Lookup("port")) |
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247 |
``` |
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248 |
|
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249 |
You can also bind an existing set of pflags (pflag.FlagSet): |
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250 |
|
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251 |
Example: |
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252 |
|
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253 |
```go |
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254 |
pflag.Int("flagname", 1234, "help message for flagname") |
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255 |
|
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256 |
pflag.Parse() |
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257 |
viper.BindPFlags(pflag.CommandLine) |
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258 |
|
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259 |
i := viper.GetInt("flagname") // retrieve values from viper instead of pflag |
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260 |
``` |
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261 |
|
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262 |
The use of [pflag](https://github.com/spf13/pflag/) in Viper does not preclude |
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263 |
the use of other packages that use the [flag](https://golang.org/pkg/flag/) |
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264 |
package from the standard library. The pflag package can handle the flags |
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265 |
defined for the flag package by importing these flags. This is accomplished |
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266 |
by a calling a convenience function provided by the pflag package called |
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267 |
AddGoFlagSet(). |
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268 |
|
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269 |
Example: |
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270 |
|
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271 |
```go |
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272 |
package main |
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273 |
|
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274 |
import ( |
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275 |
"flag" |
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276 |
"github.com/spf13/pflag" |
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277 |
) |
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278 |
|
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279 |
func main() { |
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280 |
|
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281 |
// using standard library "flag" package |
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282 |
flag.Int("flagname", 1234, "help message for flagname") |
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283 |
|
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284 |
pflag.CommandLine.AddGoFlagSet(flag.CommandLine) |
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285 |
pflag.Parse() |
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286 |
viper.BindPFlags(pflag.CommandLine) |
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|
287 |
|
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288 |
i := viper.GetInt("flagname") // retrieve value from viper |
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|
289 |
|
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290 |
... |
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291 |
} |
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292 |
``` |
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293 |
|
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294 |
#### Flag interfaces |
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295 |
|
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296 |
Viper provides two Go interfaces to bind other flag systems if you don’t use `Pflags`. |
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297 |
|
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298 |
`FlagValue` represents a single flag. This is a very simple example on how to implement this interface: |
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299 |
|
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|
300 |
```go |
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301 |
type myFlag struct {} |
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302 |
func (f myFlag) HasChanged() bool { return false } |
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303 |
func (f myFlag) Name() string { return "my-flag-name" } |
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304 |
func (f myFlag) ValueString() string { return "my-flag-value" } |
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305 |
func (f myFlag) ValueType() string { return "string" } |
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306 |
``` |
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|
307 |
|
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308 |
Once your flag implements this interface, you can simply tell Viper to bind it: |
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|
309 |
|
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|
310 |
```go |
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311 |
viper.BindFlagValue("my-flag-name", myFlag{}) |
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|
312 |
``` |
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|
313 |
|
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|
314 |
`FlagValueSet` represents a group of flags. This is a very simple example on how to implement this interface: |
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315 |
|
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|
316 |
```go |
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|
317 |
type myFlagSet struct { |
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|
318 |
flags []myFlag |
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|
319 |
} |
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|
320 |
|
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|
321 |
func (f myFlagSet) VisitAll(fn func(FlagValue)) { |
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|
322 |
for _, flag := range flags { |
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|
323 |
fn(flag) |
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|
324 |
} |
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|
325 |
} |
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|
326 |
``` |
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|
327 |
|
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|
328 |
Once your flag set implements this interface, you can simply tell Viper to bind it: |
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|
329 |
|
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|
330 |
```go |
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|
331 |
fSet := myFlagSet{ |
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|
332 |
flags: []myFlag{myFlag{}, myFlag{}}, |
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|
333 |
} |
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|
334 |
viper.BindFlagValues("my-flags", fSet) |
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|
335 |
``` |
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|
336 |
|
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|
337 |
### Remote Key/Value Store Support |
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|
338 |
|
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|
339 |
To enable remote support in Viper, do a blank import of the `viper/remote` |
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|
340 |
package: |
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|
341 |
|
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|
342 |
`import _ "github.com/spf13/viper/remote"` |
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|
343 |
|
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|
344 |
Viper will read a config string (as JSON, TOML, YAML or HCL) retrieved from a path |
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|
345 |
in a Key/Value store such as etcd or Consul. These values take precedence over |
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|
346 |
default values, but are overridden by configuration values retrieved from disk, |
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|
347 |
flags, or environment variables. |
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|
348 |
|
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|
349 |
Viper uses [crypt](https://github.com/xordataexchange/crypt) to retrieve |
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|
350 |
configuration from the K/V store, which means that you can store your |
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|
351 |
configuration values encrypted and have them automatically decrypted if you have |
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|
352 |
the correct gpg keyring. Encryption is optional. |
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|
353 |
|
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|
354 |
You can use remote configuration in conjunction with local configuration, or |
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|
355 |
independently of it. |
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|
356 |
|
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|
357 |
`crypt` has a command-line helper that you can use to put configurations in your |
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|
358 |
K/V store. `crypt` defaults to etcd on http://127.0.0.1:4001. |
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|
359 |
|
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|
360 |
```bash |
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|
361 |
$ go get github.com/xordataexchange/crypt/bin/crypt |
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|
362 |
$ crypt set -plaintext /config/hugo.json /Users/hugo/settings/config.json |
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|
363 |
``` |
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|
364 |
|
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|
365 |
Confirm that your value was set: |
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|
366 |
|
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|
367 |
```bash |
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|
368 |
$ crypt get -plaintext /config/hugo.json |
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parents:
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changeset
|
369 |
``` |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
370 |
|
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
371 |
See the `crypt` documentation for examples of how to set encrypted values, or |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
372 |
how to use Consul. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
373 |
|
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
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changeset
|
374 |
### Remote Key/Value Store Example - Unencrypted |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
375 |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
376 |
#### etcd |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
377 |
```go |
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parents:
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changeset
|
378 |
viper.AddRemoteProvider("etcd", "http://127.0.0.1:4001","/config/hugo.json") |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
379 |
viper.SetConfigType("json") // because there is no file extension in a stream of bytes, supported extensions are "json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "properties", "props", "prop" |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
380 |
err := viper.ReadRemoteConfig() |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
381 |
``` |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
382 |
|
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
383 |
#### Consul |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
384 |
You need to set a key to Consul key/value storage with JSON value containing your desired config. |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
385 |
For example, create a Consul key/value store key `MY_CONSUL_KEY` with value: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
386 |
|
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
387 |
```json |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
388 |
{ |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
389 |
"port": 8080, |
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
390 |
"hostname": "myhostname.com" |
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
391 |
} |
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
392 |
``` |
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
393 |
|
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
394 |
```go |
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
395 |
viper.AddRemoteProvider("consul", "localhost:8500", "MY_CONSUL_KEY") |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
396 |
viper.SetConfigType("json") // Need to explicitly set this to json |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
397 |
err := viper.ReadRemoteConfig() |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
398 |
|
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
399 |
fmt.Println(viper.Get("port")) // 8080 |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
400 |
fmt.Println(viper.Get("hostname")) // myhostname.com |
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
401 |
``` |
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
402 |
|
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
403 |
### Remote Key/Value Store Example - Encrypted |
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
404 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
405 |
```go |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
406 |
viper.AddSecureRemoteProvider("etcd","http://127.0.0.1:4001","/config/hugo.json","/etc/secrets/mykeyring.gpg") |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
407 |
viper.SetConfigType("json") // because there is no file extension in a stream of bytes, supported extensions are "json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "properties", "props", "prop" |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
408 |
err := viper.ReadRemoteConfig() |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
409 |
``` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
410 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
411 |
### Watching Changes in etcd - Unencrypted |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
412 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
413 |
```go |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
414 |
// alternatively, you can create a new viper instance. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
415 |
var runtime_viper = viper.New() |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
416 |
|
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
417 |
runtime_viper.AddRemoteProvider("etcd", "http://127.0.0.1:4001", "/config/hugo.yml") |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
418 |
runtime_viper.SetConfigType("yaml") // because there is no file extension in a stream of bytes, supported extensions are "json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "properties", "props", "prop" |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
419 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
420 |
// read from remote config the first time. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
421 |
err := runtime_viper.ReadRemoteConfig() |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
422 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
423 |
// unmarshal config |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
424 |
runtime_viper.Unmarshal(&runtime_conf) |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
425 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
426 |
// open a goroutine to watch remote changes forever |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
427 |
go func(){ |
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
428 |
for { |
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
429 |
time.Sleep(time.Second * 5) // delay after each request |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
430 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
431 |
// currently, only tested with etcd support |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
432 |
err := runtime_viper.WatchRemoteConfig() |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
433 |
if err != nil { |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
434 |
log.Errorf("unable to read remote config: %v", err) |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
435 |
continue |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
436 |
} |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
437 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
438 |
// unmarshal new config into our runtime config struct. you can also use channel |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
439 |
// to implement a signal to notify the system of the changes |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
440 |
runtime_viper.Unmarshal(&runtime_conf) |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
441 |
} |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
442 |
}() |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
443 |
``` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
444 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
445 |
## Getting Values From Viper |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
446 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
447 |
In Viper, there are a few ways to get a value depending on the value’s type. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
448 |
The following functions and methods exist: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
449 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
450 |
* `Get(key string) : interface{}` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
451 |
* `GetBool(key string) : bool` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
452 |
* `GetFloat64(key string) : float64` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
453 |
* `GetInt(key string) : int` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
454 |
* `GetString(key string) : string` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
455 |
* `GetStringMap(key string) : map[string]interface{}` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
456 |
* `GetStringMapString(key string) : map[string]string` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
457 |
* `GetStringSlice(key string) : []string` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
458 |
* `GetTime(key string) : time.Time` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
459 |
* `GetDuration(key string) : time.Duration` |
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Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
460 |
* `IsSet(key string) : bool` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
461 |
* `AllSettings() : map[string]interface{}` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
462 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
463 |
One important thing to recognize is that each Get function will return a zero |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
464 |
value if it’s not found. To check if a given key exists, the `IsSet()` method |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
465 |
has been provided. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
466 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
467 |
Example: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
468 |
```go |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
469 |
viper.GetString("logfile") // case-insensitive Setting & Getting |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
470 |
if viper.GetBool("verbose") { |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
471 |
fmt.Println("verbose enabled") |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
472 |
} |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
473 |
``` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
474 |
### Accessing nested keys |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
475 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
476 |
The accessor methods also accept formatted paths to deeply nested keys. For |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
477 |
example, if the following JSON file is loaded: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
478 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
479 |
```json |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
480 |
{ |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
481 |
"host": { |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
482 |
"address": "localhost", |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
483 |
"port": 5799 |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
484 |
}, |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
485 |
"datastore": { |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
486 |
"metric": { |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
487 |
"host": "127.0.0.1", |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
488 |
"port": 3099 |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
489 |
}, |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
490 |
"warehouse": { |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
491 |
"host": "198.0.0.1", |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
492 |
"port": 2112 |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
493 |
} |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
494 |
} |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
495 |
} |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
496 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
497 |
``` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
498 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
499 |
Viper can access a nested field by passing a `.` delimited path of keys: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
500 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
501 |
```go |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
502 |
GetString("datastore.metric.host") // (returns "127.0.0.1") |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
503 |
``` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
504 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
505 |
This obeys the precedence rules established above; the search for the path |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
506 |
will cascade through the remaining configuration registries until found. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
507 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
508 |
For example, given this configuration file, both `datastore.metric.host` and |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
509 |
`datastore.metric.port` are already defined (and may be overridden). If in addition |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
510 |
`datastore.metric.protocol` was defined in the defaults, Viper would also find it. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
511 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
512 |
However, if `datastore.metric` was overridden (by a flag, an environment variable, |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
513 |
the `Set()` method, …) with an immediate value, then all sub-keys of |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
514 |
`datastore.metric` become undefined, they are “shadowed” by the higher-priority |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
515 |
configuration level. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
516 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
517 |
Lastly, if there exists a key that matches the delimited key path, its value |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
518 |
will be returned instead. E.g. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
519 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
520 |
```json |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
521 |
{ |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
522 |
"datastore.metric.host": "0.0.0.0", |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
523 |
"host": { |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
524 |
"address": "localhost", |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
525 |
"port": 5799 |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
526 |
}, |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
527 |
"datastore": { |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
528 |
"metric": { |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
529 |
"host": "127.0.0.1", |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
530 |
"port": 3099 |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
531 |
}, |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
532 |
"warehouse": { |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
533 |
"host": "198.0.0.1", |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
534 |
"port": 2112 |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
535 |
} |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
536 |
} |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
537 |
} |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
538 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
539 |
GetString("datastore.metric.host") // returns "0.0.0.0" |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
540 |
``` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
541 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
542 |
### Extract sub-tree |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
543 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
544 |
Extract sub-tree from Viper. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
545 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
546 |
For example, `viper` represents: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
547 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
548 |
```json |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
549 |
app: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
550 |
cache1: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
551 |
max-items: 100 |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
552 |
item-size: 64 |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
553 |
cache2: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
554 |
max-items: 200 |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
555 |
item-size: 80 |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
556 |
``` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
557 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
558 |
After executing: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
559 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
560 |
```go |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
561 |
subv := viper.Sub("app.cache1") |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
562 |
``` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
563 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
564 |
`subv` represents: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
565 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
566 |
```json |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
567 |
max-items: 100 |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
568 |
item-size: 64 |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
569 |
``` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
570 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
571 |
Suppose we have: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
572 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
573 |
```go |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
574 |
func NewCache(cfg *Viper) *Cache {...} |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
575 |
``` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
576 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
577 |
which creates a cache based on config information formatted as `subv`. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
578 |
Now it’s easy to create these 2 caches separately as: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
579 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
580 |
```go |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
581 |
cfg1 := viper.Sub("app.cache1") |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
582 |
cache1 := NewCache(cfg1) |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
583 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
584 |
cfg2 := viper.Sub("app.cache2") |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
585 |
cache2 := NewCache(cfg2) |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
586 |
``` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
587 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
588 |
### Unmarshaling |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
589 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
590 |
You also have the option of Unmarshaling all or a specific value to a struct, map, |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
591 |
etc. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
592 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
593 |
There are two methods to do this: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
594 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
595 |
* `Unmarshal(rawVal interface{}) : error` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
596 |
* `UnmarshalKey(key string, rawVal interface{}) : error` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
597 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
598 |
Example: |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
599 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
600 |
```go |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
601 |
type config struct { |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
602 |
Port int |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
603 |
Name string |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
604 |
PathMap string `mapstructure:"path_map"` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
605 |
} |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
606 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
607 |
var C config |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
608 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
609 |
err := Unmarshal(&C) |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
610 |
if err != nil { |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
611 |
t.Fatalf("unable to decode into struct, %v", err) |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
612 |
} |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
613 |
``` |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
614 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
615 |
### Marshalling to string |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
616 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
617 |
You may need to marhsal all the settings held in viper into a string rather than write them to a file. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
618 |
You can use your favorite format's marshaller with the config returned by `AllSettings()`. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
619 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
620 |
```go |
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parents:
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|
621 |
import ( |
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parents:
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|
622 |
yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v2" |
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parents:
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|
623 |
// ... |
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
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|
624 |
) |
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Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
625 |
|
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
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changeset
|
626 |
func yamlStringSettings() string { |
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parents:
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|
627 |
c := viper.AllSettings() |
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parents:
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|
628 |
bs, err := yaml.Marshal(c) |
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parents:
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|
629 |
if err != nil { |
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parents:
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changeset
|
630 |
t.Fatalf("unable to marshal config to YAML: %v", err) |
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parents:
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|
631 |
} |
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parents:
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|
632 |
return string(bs) |
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parents:
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|
633 |
} |
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parents:
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changeset
|
634 |
``` |
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parents:
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|
635 |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
636 |
## Viper or Vipers? |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
637 |
|
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parents:
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|
638 |
Viper comes ready to use out of the box. There is no configuration or |
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parents:
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changeset
|
639 |
initialization needed to begin using Viper. Since most applications will want |
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parents:
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changeset
|
640 |
to use a single central repository for their configuration, the viper package |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
641 |
provides this. It is similar to a singleton. |
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parents:
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changeset
|
642 |
|
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
643 |
In all of the examples above, they demonstrate using viper in its singleton |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
644 |
style approach. |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
645 |
|
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
646 |
### Working with multiple vipers |
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parents:
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changeset
|
647 |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
648 |
You can also create many different vipers for use in your application. Each will |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
649 |
have its own unique set of configurations and values. Each can read from a |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
650 |
different config file, key value store, etc. All of the functions that viper |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
651 |
package supports are mirrored as methods on a viper. |
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parents:
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changeset
|
652 |
|
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
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changeset
|
653 |
Example: |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
654 |
|
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
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changeset
|
655 |
```go |
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parents:
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changeset
|
656 |
x := viper.New() |
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parents:
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|
657 |
y := viper.New() |
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parents:
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changeset
|
658 |
|
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
659 |
x.SetDefault("ContentDir", "content") |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
660 |
y.SetDefault("ContentDir", "foobar") |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
661 |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
662 |
//... |
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Use vendoring for backward compatibility
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
663 |
``` |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
664 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
665 |
When working with multiple vipers, it is up to the user to keep track of the |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
666 |
different vipers. |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
667 |
|
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
668 |
## Q & A |
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Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
669 |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
670 |
Q: Why not INI files? |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
671 |
|
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
672 |
A: Ini files are pretty awful. There’s no standard format, and they are hard to |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
673 |
validate. Viper is designed to work with JSON, TOML or YAML files. If someone |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
674 |
really wants to add this feature, I’d be happy to merge it. It’s easy to specify |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
675 |
which formats your application will permit. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
676 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
677 |
Q: Why is it called “Viper”? |
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Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
678 |
|
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Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
679 |
A: Viper is designed to be a [companion](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viper_(G.I._Joe)) |
2a9ec03fe5a1
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
680 |
to [Cobra](https://github.com/spf13/cobra). While both can operate completely |
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Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
681 |
independently, together they make a powerful pair to handle much of your |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
682 |
application foundation needs. |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
683 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
684 |
Q: Why is it called “Cobra”? |
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
685 |
|
2a9ec03fe5a1
Use vendoring for backward compatibility
Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
686 |
A: Is there a better name for a [commander](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobra_Commander)? |