HG(1)
=====
Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
v0.6, 24 Jun 2005

NAME
----
hg - Mercurial source code management system

SYNOPSIS
--------
'hg' [-v -d -q -y] <command> [command options] [files]

DESCRIPTION
-----------
The hg(1) command provides a command line interface to the Mercurial system.

OPTIONS
-------

--debug, -d::
    enable debugging output

--quiet, -q::
    suppress output

--verbose, -v::
    enable additional output

--noninteractive, -y::
    do not prompt, assume 'yes' for any required answers

COMMAND ELEMENTS
----------------

files ...::
    indicates one or more filename or relative path filenames

path::
    indicates a path on the local machine

revision::
    indicates a changeset which can be specified as a changeset revision
    number, a tag, or a unique substring of the changeset hash value

repository path::
    is either the pathname of a local repository of the URI of a remote
    repository.  There are two available URI protocols, http:// which is
    fast and the old-http:// protocol which is much slower but does not
    require a special server on the web host.

COMMANDS
--------

add [files ...]::
    Schedule files to be version controlled and added to the repository.
    
    The files get effectively added to the repository at the next commit.

addremove::
    Add all new files and remove all missing files from the repository.
    
    New files are ignored if they match any of the patterns in .hgignore. As
    with add, the effects of this command take place at the next commit.

annotate [-r <rev> -u -n -c] [files ...]::
    List changes in files, showing the revision id responsible for each line
    
    This command is useful to discover who did a change or when a change took
    place.
    
    options:
    -r, --revision <rev>  annotate the specified revision
    -u, --user            list the author
    -c, --changeset       list the changeset
    -n, --number          list the revision number (default)

cat <file> [revision]::
    Output to stdout the given revision for the specified file.

    In case no revision is given, then the tip is used.

clone [-U] <source> [dest]::
    Create a copy of an existing repository in a new directory.

    If the destination directory is specified, but doesn't exist, it is
    created. If no destination directory is specified, it defaults to the
    current directory.

    The source is added to the new copy's .hg/hgrc file to be used in
    future pulls.

    For speed and storage size, hardlinks are used to do the copy whenever
    the specified source and destination are on the same filesystem.

    options:
    -U, --no-update   do not update the new working directory

commit [-A -t -l <file> -t <text> -u <user> -d <datecode>] [files...]::
    Incorporate changes from given files into the repository.
    
    If a list of files is ommited, all of the working dir files will
    be commited.
    
    The EDITOR environment variable is used to bring up an editor to add
    a commit comment.

    Options:

    -A, --addremove       run addremove during commit
    -t, --text <text>     use <text> as commit message
    -l, --logfile <file>  show the commit message for the given file
    -d, --date <datecode> record datecode as commit date
    -u, --user <user>     record user as commiter

    aliases: ci

copy <source> <dest>::
    Mark <dest> file as a copy or rename of a <source> one
    
    This command takes effect for the next commit.

diff [-r revision] [-r revision] [files ...]::
    Show differences between revisions for the specified files.
    
    Differences between files are shown using the unified diff format.
    
    When two revision arguments are given, then changes are shown between
    such revisions. If only one revision is specified then that revision is
    compared to the tip, and, when no revisions are specified, the working
    directory files are compared to the tip.

export [revision]::
    Print the changeset header and diffs for a particular revision.

    The information shown in the changeset header is: author, changeset hash,
    parent and commit comment.

forget [files]::
    Undo an 'hg add' scheduled for the next commit.

heads::
    Show all repository head changesets.
    
    Repository "heads" are changesets that don't have children changesets.
    They are where development generally takes place and are the usual targets
    for update and merge operations.

history::
    Print a log of the revision history of the repository.
    
    By default this command outputs: changeset id and hash, tags, parents,
    user, date and time, and a summary for each commit.
    The -v switch adds some more detail, such as changed files, manifest
    hashes or message signatures.

    To display the history of a given file, see the log command.

identify::
    Print a short summary of the current state of the repo.
    
    This summary identifies the repository state using one or two parent
    hash identifiers, followed by a "+" if there are uncommitted changes
    in the working directory, followed by a list of tags for this revision.

    aliases: id

import [-p <n> -b <base> -q] <patches>::
    Import a list of patches and commit them individually.

    options:
    -p, --strip <n>   directory strip option for patch. This has the same
                      meaning as the correnponding patch option
    -b <path>         base directory to read patches from

    aliases: patch


    If the specified source is on the same filesystem, the repository
    will be copied via hardlinks. This is the fastest and most
    space-efficient mode of operation.

    If the destination directory is not specified, it defaults to the
    current directory.

    If the destination is specified, but does not exist, it is created.

    The source is added to .hg/hgrc in the new copy as the default for
    future pulls.

    options:
    -U, --no-update   do not update the new working directory

init::
    Initialize a new repository in the current directory.

log <file>::
    Print the revision history of the specified file.

    To display the revision history for the whole repository, use the history
    command.

manifest [revision]::
    Print a list of version controlled files for the given revision.

    The manifest is the list of files being version controlled. If no revision
    is given then the tip is used.

parents::
    Print the working directory's parent revisions.

pull <repository path>::
    Pull any changes from a repository to the current directory's one.

    Pulling is a fundamental operation in a distributed version control system,
    as it eases handling changes from different branches, both local and
    remote, into the current repository. 

    options:
    -u, --update   update the working directory to tip after pull

push <destination>::
    Push changes from the local repository to the given destination.
    
    This is the symmetrical operation for pull. It helps to move changes from
    the current repository to a different one. If the destination is local
    this is identical to a pull in that directory from the current one.

    The other currently available push method is SSH. This requires an
    accessible shell account on the destination machine and a copy of
    hg in the remote path. Destinations are specified in the following
    form:

      ssh://[user@]host[:port]/path

rawcommit [-p -d -u -F -t -l]::
    Lowlevel commit, for use in helper scripts.
    
    This command is not intended to be used by normal users, as it is
    primarily useful for importing from other SCMs.

recover::
    Recover from an interrupted commit or pull.
    
    This command tries to fix the repository status after an interrupted
    operation. It should only be necessary when Mercurial suggests it.

remove [files ...]::
    Schedule the indicated files for removal from the repository.
    
    This command shedules the files to be removed, but the actual removing
    takes place at the next commit.

    aliases: rm

root::
    Print the root directory of the current repository.

serve [-a addr -n name -p port -t templatedir]::
    Start a local HTTP repository browser and pull server.

    options:
    -a, --address <addr> address to use
    -p, --port <n>       port to use (default: 8000)
    -n, --name <name>    name to show in web pages (default: working dir)
    -t, --templatedir <path> web templates to use

status::
    Show changed files in the working directory.

    The codes used to show the status of files are:
    
    C = changed
    A = added
    R = removed
    ? = not tracked

tag [-t <text> -d <datecode> -u <user>] <name> [revision]::
    Name a particular revision using <name>.
    
    Tags are used to name particular revisions of the repository and are
    very useful to compare different revision, to go back to significant
    earlier versions or to set special branch points, as releases, etc.
    
    If no revision is given as argument the tip is used.

    This tags are versioned, and kept along with the repository metadata. But
    Mercurial has support for other type of tags that can be used locally for
    convenience and that are created adding lines with a changeset hash value
    and a name or names to name the revision in a .hgtags file
    
    options:
    -t, --text <text>     message for tag commit log entry
    -d, --date <datecode> datecode for commit
    -u, --user <user>     user for commit

tags::
    List the repository tags.

    Local tags in the .hgtags don't get listed when using this command.

tip::
    Show the tip revision.

undo::
    Undo the last commit or pull transaction.

update [-m -C] [revision]::
    Bring the working directory to the state of a given revision.

    After running this command the current directory will have the contents
    of the specified revision.
    
    If there were outstanding changes in the current directory and a merge
    would be needed, the -m option can be used to merge those changes with
    the target revision. Without the -m or --merge option, no merge
    will happen.
    
    The -C or --clean option must be used in case a pristine version is
    desired. In this case, existing changes will be discarded and lost. If
    these changes should be kept, then a commit prior updating, or a merge
    is due.
    
    options:
    -m, --merge       allow merging of branches
    -C, --clean       overwrite locally modified files

    aliases: up checkout co

verify::
    Verify the integrity of the current repository.

    This will perform an extensive check of the repository's
    integrity, validating the hashes and checksums of each entry in
    the changelog, manifest, and tracked files, as well as the
    integrity of their crosslinks and indices.


ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
---------------------

HGEDITOR::
    This is the name of the editor to use when committing. Defaults to the
    value of EDITOR.

HGMERGE::
    An executable to use for resolving merge conflicts. The program ,
    will be executed with three arguments: local file, remote file,
    ancestor file.

    The default program is "hgmerge", which is a shell script provided
    by Mercurial with some sensible defaults.

HGUSER::
    This is the string used for the author of a commit.

EMAIL::
    If HGUSER is not set, this will be used as the author for a commit.

LOGNAME::
    If neither HGUSER nor EMAIL is set, LOGNAME will be used (with
    '@hostname' appended) as the author value for a commit.

EDITOR::
    This is the name of the editor used in the hgmerge script. It will be
    used for commit messages, too, if HGEDITOR isn't set. Defaults to 'vi'.

PYTHONPATH::
    This is used by Python to find imported modules and may need to be set
    appropriately if Mercurial is not installed system-wide.

FILES
-----
 .hgignore::
    This file contains regular expressions (one per line) that describe file
    names that should be ignored by hg.

 .hgtags::
    This file contains changeset hash values and text tag names (one of each
    seperated by spaces) that correspond to tagged versions of the repository
    contents.

 $HOME/.hgrc, .hg/hgrc::
    This file contains defaults and configuration. Values in .hg/hgrc
    override those in .hgrc.

NAMED REPOSITORIES
------------------

To give symbolic names to a repository, create a section in .hgrc
or .hg/hgrc containing assignments of names to paths. Example:

-----------------
[paths]
hg = http://selenic.com/hg
tah = http://hg.intevation.org/mercurial-tah/
-----------------


HOOKS
-----

Mercurial supports a set of 'hook', commands that get automatically
executed by various actions such as starting or finishing a commit. To
specify a hook, simply create an hgrc section like the following:

-----------------
[hooks]
precommit = echo "this hook gets executed immediately before a commit"
commit = hg export $NODE | mail -s "new commit $NODE" commit-list
-----------------


NON_TRANSPARENT PROXY SUPPORT
-----------------------------

To access a Mercurial repository through a proxy, create a file
$HOME/.hgrc in the following format:

--------------
[http_proxy]
host=myproxy:8080
user=<username>
passwd=<password>
no=<localhost1>,<localhost2>,<localhost3>,...
--------------

"user","passwd" fields are used for authenticating proxies, "no" is a
comma-separated list of local host names for which proxy must be
bypassed.


BUGS
----
Probably lots, please post them to the mailing list (See Resources below)
when you find them.

AUTHOR
------
Written by Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>

RESOURCES
---------
http://selenic.com/mercurial[Main Web Site]

http://selenic.com/hg[Source code repository]

http://selenic.com/mailman/listinfo/mercurial[Mailing list]

COPYING
-------
Copyright (C) 2005 Matt Mackall.
Free use of this software is granted under the terms of the GNU General
Public License (GPL).