Mercurial supports several ways to specify individual revisions.

A plain integer is treated as a revision number. Negative integers are

treated as sequential offsets from the tip, with -1 denoting the tip,

-2 denoting the revision prior to the tip, and so forth.

A 40-digit hexadecimal string is treated as a unique revision

identifier.

A hexadecimal string less than 40 characters long is treated as a

unique revision identifier and is referred to as a short-form

identifier. A short-form identifier is only valid if it is the prefix

of exactly one full-length identifier.

Any other string is treated as a bookmark, tag, or branch name. A

bookmark is a movable pointer to a revision. A tag is a permanent name

associated with a revision. A branch name denotes the tipmost open branch head

of that branch - or if they are all closed, the tipmost closed head of the

branch. Bookmark, tag, and branch names must not contain the ":" character.

The reserved name "tip" always identifies the most recent revision.

The reserved name "null" indicates the null revision. This is the

revision of an empty repository, and the parent of revision 0.

The reserved name "." indicates the working directory parent. If no

working directory is checked out, it is equivalent to null. If an

uncommitted merge is in progress, "." is the revision of the first

parent.