import getopt

def fancyopts(args, options, state):

    """

    read args, parse options, and store options in state

    each option is a tuple of:

      short option or ''

      long option

      default value

      description

    option types include:

      boolean or none - option sets variable in state to true

      string - parameter string is stored in state

      list - parameter string is added to a list

      integer - parameter strings is stored as int

      function - call function with parameter

    non-option args are returned

    """

    namelist = []

    shortlist = ''

    argmap = {}

    defmap = {}

    for short, name, default, comment in options:

        # convert opts to getopt format

        oname = name

        name = name.replace('-', '_')

        argmap['-' + short] = argmap['--' + oname] = name

        defmap[name] = default

        # copy defaults to state

        if isinstance(default, list):

            state[name] = default[:]

        elif callable(default):

            state[name] = None

        else:

            state[name] = default

        # does it take a parameter?

        if not (default is None or default is True or default is False):

            if short: short += ':'

            if oname: oname += '='

        if short:

            shortlist += short

        if name:

            namelist.append(oname)

    # parse arguments

    opts, args = getopt.getopt(args, shortlist, namelist)

    # transfer result to state

    for opt, val in opts:

        name = argmap[opt]

        t = type(defmap[name])

        if t is type(fancyopts):

            state[name] = defmap[name](val)

        elif t is type(1):

            state[name] = int(val)

        elif t is type(''):

            state[name] = val

        elif t is type([]):

            state[name].append(val)

        elif t is type(None) or t is type(False):

            state[name] = True

    # return unparsed args

    return args